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अजंता एलोरा ४००० हजार साल पुरानी गुफाएं



एलोरा की गुफाएँ (औरंगाबाद से 30 किलोमीटर)। एलोरा समूह में गुफाओं की संख्या 34 है, जिनमें से 12 बौद्ध गुफाएँ हैं, 17 हिंदू हैं और 5 जैन गुफाएँ हैं और इनमें सुंदर रॉक-कट मंदिर हैं।

1) बौद्ध गुफाएं एलोरा: 1-12
 
बौद्ध गुफाएँ पाँचवीं और आठवीं शताब्दियों के बीच बनाई गई थीं, जिनमें पहले चरण में 4-5 और बाद के चरण (650-750) में 6-12 गुफाएँ थीं।
गुफाएँ 5, 10, 11 और 12 वास्तुकला की दृष्टि से महत्वपूर्ण बौद्ध गुफाएँ हैं। एलोरा गुफाओं के बीच गुफा 5 अद्वितीय है क्योंकि इसे केंद्र में समानांतर दुर्दम्य पीठों की एक जोड़ी और पीछे एक बुद्ध प्रतिमा के साथ एक हॉल के रूप में डिजाइन किया गया था।






2) हिंदू गुफाएँ एलोरा: 13–29
 

हिंदू गुफाओं का निर्माण कलचुरि काल के दौरान हुआ था, जो 6 ठी शताब्दी के मध्य से लेकर 8 वीं शताब्दी के अंत तक दो चरणों में थी। 6 वीं शताब्दी की शुरुआत में नौ गुफा मंदिरों की खुदाई की गई थी, इसके बाद एक और चार गुफाएं (गुफाएं 1729) थी। पहले 28, 27 और 19 को और फिर 29 और 21 की गुफाओं पर काम शुरू किया गया, जो गुफाओं 20 और 26 के साथ समवर्ती खुदाई में थे। गुफाएं 17 और 28 शुरू होने वाली अंतिम थीं। बाद की गुफाएँ, 14, 15 और 16, का निर्माण राष्ट्रकूट काल के दौरान किया गया था, कुछ का निर्माण 8 वीं से 10 वीं शताब्दी के बीच किया गया था।









3) जैन गुफाएँ एलोरा: 30 - 34
 
एलोरा में दिगंबर संप्रदाय से संबंधित पांच जैन गुफाएं हैं, जिनकी खुदाई नौवीं और दसवीं शताब्दी की शुरुआत में हुई थी। और बाद की युग की हिंदू गुफाएं, एक ही समय में बनाई गईं थीं और दोनों एक जैसे वास्तु और भक्ति विचारों को साझा करती हैं। स्तंभित बरामदा। महत्त्वपूर्ण जैन मंदिर छोटा कैलाश (गुफा ३०, उत्खनन), इंद्र सभा (गुफा ३२, १३ खुदाई) और जगन्नाथ सभा (गुफा ३३, उत्खनन) हैं.  और मंदिर। गुफा 34 एक छोटी गुफा है, जिसे गुफा 33 के बाईं ओर एक उद्घाटन के माध्यम से पहुँचा जा सकता है।





4) एलोरा पेंटिंग
 
एलोरा में भित्ति चित्र 5 गुफाओं में पाए जाते हैं, लेकिन केवल कैलासा मंदिर में, वे कुछ संरक्षित हैं। चित्रों को दो श्रृंखलाओं में किया गया था - पहला, गुफाओं की नक्काशी के समय और उसके बाद की श्रृंखला कई शताब्दियों के बाद की गई थी। पहले के चित्रों में विष्णु और लक्ष्मी गरुड़ द्वारा बादलों के माध्यम से पृष्ठभूमि में बादलों के साथ पैदा होते हैं।













 
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